Hydrogen Gas.
Energy Hydrogen ( Hydrogen gas ) Alternative energy
Hydrogen gas is the lightest and most abundant element of water (HO) on Earth. It is also an element that included in molecules of other compounds, such as hydrocarbon (HC) compounds, which are products of Petroleum is important for the economic development of the country. General properties of hydrogen are colorless, odorless, flammable, highly clean. Non-toxic and environmentally friendly The benefits of bringing gas Hydrogen is used as a fuel for combustion and heat output. or used in fuel cells by A chemical reaction generates electricity that can be used to drive a car. generate electricityอุปกรณ์ อิเล็คทรอนิคส์ขนาดเล็กและอื่นๆ
Where does hydrogen energy come from?
The current production of hydrogen when considering Mainly from raw materials divided into 3 main sources, namely from fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, petroleum. from renewable energy sources such as biomass and water, for example, and from nuclear energy.
Hydrogen production technology
Hydrogen production technology Can be divided into 3 main technologies: Thermo Chemical
Processes, Electro Chemical Processes bla: Biochemical Processes
1.) Thermo Chemical Process Hydrogen can be produced by chemical methods using heat. The main raw material is hydrocarbon compounds such as natural gas, coal, biomass, etc. The result is a synthetic gas containing hydrogen (H). , carbon monoxide (CO), carbon monoxide (Co.), water (HO), and methane (CH) are then further processed to obtain pure hydrogen. Hydrogen production is by chemical heat treatment. Including steam reforming process, gasification process (Gasification)
At present, the production of hydrogen from the steam reforming process from natural gas. is a common process commercially widespread which in Thailand uses this process to produce hydrogen to be used as a precursor in
various industries
2.) Electro Chemical Process (Electrochemical process) is the use of electricity to separate water to obtain hydrogen and oxygen. Electricity from all types of electrical sources can be used in this process. whether electric from renewable energy sources including from nuclear energy
3.) Biochemical Processes This process is the production of hydrogen by the process of photosynthesis of microscopic organisms or microorganisms and blue-green algae which living things These microscopic particles convert the reactants into hydrogen. However, this method also has disadvantages. low efficiency Productivity is limited by the received light intensity.
What uses can hydrogen energy be used for?
Hydrogen is not only used as a precursor in various industries. used as fuel for combustion or used in cells fuel by chemical reaction and generate electricity which can be used for both driving cars and generating electricity
The use of hydrogen in the transportation sector
The use of hydrogen in the transportation sector can be used in many forms, for example as a fuel for combustion. Internally by mixing with other types of fuel in internal combustion engines such as hydrogen mixed with natural gas. or used as fuel in fuel cells without internal combustion but by electrochemical processes to propel it. Electric motors for fuel cell vehicles
What is a fuel cell ?
A fuel cell is the process of converting the chemical energy of a fuel cell into electrical energy by an electrochemical mechanism. This energy conversion process differs from the conventional energy conversion process used today in that most of the processes currently used are chemical energy conversion. to heat energy first, then to convert heat to mechanical energy before converting mechanical energy to electrical energy as shown in Figure 1. The process of producing electrical energy by such method has a considerable loss. due to the process of processing multi-stage power model Naturally, every change in every step has a loss, especially a step. The conversion from chemical energy to thermal energy has a considerable loss of energy potential. They are generally less efficient than fuel cell processes. current process Generating electricity from heat engines When the residual heat is not utilized for thermal efficiency,
The efficiency is only 30 – 35 percent, while the efficiency of the fuel cell process is about 40 – 50 percent. Moreover, these energy processes are mainly based on petroleum-based fuels. which results from the transformation of power The chemistry in this process is heat, carbon dioxide and water. while the fuel cell process Fuel can be used from many sources. and the results obtained from the transformation of chemical energy In the case of fuel cells heat and water only This means that fuel cell processes are more environmentally friendly.
Heat engine power generation process Carbon dioxide and water while the fuel cell process Fuel can be used from many sources. and the results obtained from the transformation of chemical energy In the case of fuel cells heat and water only This means that fuel cell processes are more environmentally friendly. Heat engine power generation process Carbon dioxide and water while the fuel cell process Fuel can be used from many sources. and the results obtained from the transformation of chemical energy In the case of fuel cells heat and water only This means that fuel cell processes are more environmentally friendly. Heat engine power generation process
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Alkaline Fuel Cell (Alkaline Fuel Cell, AFC) is the most efficient fuel cell (50-70%), but because the system very susceptible to contamination Therefore, only pure hydrogen and oxygen are needed. This made the overall system very expensive. So the fuel cell This type is used in most aerospace applications because of its maximum efficiency, operating temperatures below 80 degrees Celsius. In addition, the waste from fuel cells is pure water, which astronauts can consume.
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAEC) is the first fuel cell that can be built commercially. have temperature In operation at about 210 degrees Celsius, it can generate electricity up to 200 kilowatts with an efficiency of about 35-50%. It is often used as an electric power source in small places such as hotels and offices, etc.
Molten Carbonate FuelCel (MCFC) fuel cells. for large power plants for selling electricity It has a very high operating temperature of about 650 degrees Celsius. It can generate electricity up to 2 megawatts and also generate steam. high pressure coming out which can be used to help generate electricity in a manner combination heat As a result, the overall system efficiency is up to 80.
85% and because it operates at a lower temperature than conventional fuel cells solid oxide This eliminates the need for materials with special properties. Therefore, the overall system has a lower price.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) A fuel cell with the highest operating temperature compared to a cell. Other types of fuel are about 800-1000 degrees Celsius, suitable for large power plants. high temperature steam It is a product of a chemical process that can be used to generate electricity. in a cohesive manner Like molten carbonate fuel cells. make efficiency of the system increases up to about 80-85% for systems that require very high power that solid oxide fuel cells will be cheaper Systems using molten carbonate fuel cells
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cel (PEMFC) fuel cells.
It is very popular in its application. because the operating temperature is not very high and the price is not It is expensive compared to other types of fuel cells, as well as being highly efficient (35-60%). The fuel used is hydrogen (purity at 99.99%) and air. widely used, especially as a driving power source For cars or public buses including as a source of electricity Small for use within the home, etc.
What is Thailand’s policy, direction and goals for the development of hydrogen energy?
from energy policies and plans under the 15-year renewable energy plan framework that the Ministry of Energy has Prepared for the years 2008-2022, which in 2017 began to set a target for the use of 100,000 kg of hydrogen energy.
Therefore, in order to achieve the goal of using hydrogen energy in the future according to the 15-year renewable energy development plan, the Hydrogen Action Plan has already been drawn up, with 7 strategic issues that must be implemented in order to push the infrastructure to support the Use Hydrogen ready in all aspects from before you start. Hydrogen was used until Growing into the era of full use of hydrogen to reduce dependency Imported energy and imported technology as much as possible are:
1. Determine policies and plans and improvement of standards, regulations, and regulations on the use of hydrogen energy.
safely
2. Research and development in the production, storage, transportation of hydrogen and technology for efficiency improvement.
and using locally procured materials
3. Infrastructure development (Infrastructure Development)
4. Network development at home and abroad (Network)
5. Development of hydrogen production and technology industry
6. Human resource development
7. Communication and Public Relations
Hydrogen energy and Thailand
During the present time, Thailand has a considerable amount of hydrogen energy. especially for use in electricity generation The hydrogen energy will serve to support wind power generation. to increase the stability of power generation
In addition to the power plant Thailand also has a hydrogen plant and hydrogen cars. There is also a plan to use it as one of the alternative energy sources. in which this section may have to be considered that in the long term Will the original plans be changed or not? Due to the arrival of electric vehicles and solar energy, they may be more cost-effective in the long run.
because in the end whether popular or not Hydrogen energy is still the only “alternative” alternative to renewable energy. which must be followed up in the end What kind of energy is going to be? “main energy” of the future world
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